Controlling Bandwidth on an ASA: Traffic Policing and Shaping

You can leverage two ASA features to control or limit the amount of bandwidth used by specific traffic flows:

* Traffic policing

* Traffic shaping

With either method, the ASA measures the bandwidth used by traffic that is classified by a service policy and then attempts to hold the traffic within a configured rate limit. However, each method accomplishes the bandwidth control in a different manner.

With traffic policing, the packets are forwarded normally as long as the bandwidth threshold is not exceeded. However, packets that do exceed the bandwidth threshold are simply dropped.

In contrast, traffic shaping takes a more preemptive approach. Traffic is buffered before it is forwarded so that the traffic rate can be shaped or held within the threshold limit. The idea is to pull packets from the buffer at a rate that is less than the threshold so that no packets are dropped.

To use ASDM to configure traffic policing, begin by navigating to Configuration > Firewall > Service Policy Rules and adding a new service policy rule or editing an existing one. Define a matching condition that will classify the traffic that will be policed. Next, click the QoS tab in the Rule Action dialog box. Check the Enable Policing check box, and then choose either Input Policing or Output policing.

Use the police command as the action to send the matched traffic into a traffic policer.

ciscoasa(config)# access-list OUTBOUND_HTTP extended permit tcp any eq http any
ciscoasa(config)# class-map CLASS_HTTP
ciscoasa(config-cmap)# match ?

mpf-class-map mode commands/options:
  access-list                 Match an Access List
  any                         Match any packet
  default-inspection-traffic  Match default inspection traffic:
                              ctiqbe----tcp--2748      dns-------udp--53
                              ftp-------tcp--21        gtp-------udp--2123,3386
                              h323-h225-tcp--1720      h323-ras--udp--1718-1719
                              http------tcp--80        icmp------icmp
                              ils-------tcp--389       ip-options-----rsvp
                              mgcp------udp--2427,2727 netbios---udp--137-138
                              radius-acct----udp--1646 rpc-------udp--111
                              rsh-------tcp--514       rtsp------tcp--554
                              sip-------tcp--5060      sip-------udp--5060
                              skinny----tcp--2000      smtp------tcp--25
                              sqlnet----tcp--1521      tftp------udp--69
                              waas------tcp--1-65535   xdmcp-----udp--177
  dscp                        Match IP DSCP (DiffServ CodePoints)
  flow                        Flow based Policy
  port                        Match TCP/UDP port(s)
  precedence                  Match IP precedence
  rtp                         Match RTP port numbers
  tunnel-group                Match a Tunnel Group
ciscoasa(config-cmap)# match access-list ?

mpf-class-map mode commands/options:
  WORD  Access List name
ciscoasa(config-cmap)# match access-list OUTBOUND_HTTP
ciscoasa(config-cmap)# exit
ciscoasa(config)# policy-map MY_POLICY
ciscoasa(config-pmap)# ?

MPF policy-map configuration commands
  class        Policy criteria
  description  Specify policy-map description
  exit         Exit from MPF policy-map configuration mode
  help         Help for MPF policy-map configuration commands
  no           Negate or set default values of a command
  rename       Rename this policy-map
  <cr>
ciscoasa(config-pmap)# class CLASS_HTTP
ciscoasa(config-pmap-c)# ?

MPF policy-map class configuration commands:
  exit             Exit from MPF class action configuration mode
  help             Help for MPF policy-map class/match submode commands
  no               Negate or set default values of a command
  police           Rate limit traffic for this class
  priority         Strict scheduling priority for this class
  quit             Exit from MPF class action configuration mode
  service-policy   Configure QoS Service Policy
  set              Set connection values
  shape            Traffic Shaping
  user-statistics  configure user statistics for identity firewall
  <cr>
  csc              Content Security and Control service module
  flow-export      Configure filters for NetFlow events
  inspect          Protocol inspection services
  ips              Intrusion prevention services
ciscoasa(config-pmap-c)# police ?

mpf-policy-map-class mode commands/options:
  input   Police traffic in input direction
  output  Police traffic in output direction
ciscoasa(config-pmap-c)# police output ?

mpf-policy-map-class mode commands/options:
  <8000-2000000000>  Bits per second
ciscoasa(config-pmap-c)# police output 1000000 ?

mpf-policy-map-class mode commands/options:
  <1000-512000000>  Burst bytes
  conform-action    action when rate is less than conform burst
  <cr>
ciscoasa(config-pmap-c)# police output 1000000 conform-action ?

mpf-policy-map-class mode commands/options:
  drop           drop packet
  exceed-action  action when rate is within conform and conform + exceed burst
  transmit       transmit packet
  <cr>
ciscoasa(config-pmap-c)# police output 1000000 conform-action transmit ?

mpf-policy-map-class mode commands/options:
  exceed-action  action when rate is within conform and conform + exceed burst
  <cr>
ciscoasa(config-pmap-c)# police output 1000000 conform-action transmit exceed-action ?

mpf-policy-map-class mode commands/options:
  drop      drop packet
  transmit  transmit packet
  <cr>
ciscoasa(config-pmap-c)# police output 1000000 conform-action transmit exceed-action drop
ciscoasa(config-pmap-c)# exit
ciscoasa(config-pmap)# exit
ciscoasa(config)# service-policy MY_POLICY ?

configure mode commands/options:
  global     Enter this keyword to specify a global policy
  interface  Enter this keyword to specify an interface policy
ciscoasa(config)# service-policy MY_POLICY interface ?

configure mode commands/options:
Current available interface(s):
  dmz      Name of interface GigabitEthernet1
  inside   Name of interface GigabitEthernet0
  outside  Name of interface GigabitEthernet2
ciscoasa(config)# service-policy MY_POLICY interface outside


To configure traffic shaping in ASDM, begin by adding a new service policy rule or edit an existing one. Traffic shaping doesn't shape specific matched traffic; it shapes the default traffic that isn't matched or classified by any other traffic class. Therefore, you have to use the class-default class map to match the traffic. This is done by selecting the Use Class-Default As the Traffic Class option in the Traffic Classification Criteria dialog box.

Next, click the QoS tab in the Rule Actions dialog box and check Enable Traffic Shaping as the policy action. If you choose any matching criteria other than class-default, the Enable Traffic Shaping option will not be shown.

You can use the shape command as the action to send the matched traffic into a traffic shaper. Traffic shaping can be applied only to the bulk amount of traffic passing through an interface. Therefore, the matching condition you enter into the policy map configuration is important. The only permissible command is class class-default, followed by the shape command action.

ciscoasa(config)# policy-map outside-policy
ciscoasa(config-pmap)# class ?

mpf-policy-map mode commands/options:
  WORD            class-map name
  class-default   System default class matching otherwise unclassified packets

configure mode commands/options:
  WORD < 41 char  class-map name
  type            Specifies the type of class-map
ciscoasa(config-pmap)# class class-default
ciscoasa(config-pmap-c)# ?

MPF policy-map class configuration commands:
  exit             Exit from MPF class action configuration mode
  help             Help for MPF policy-map class/match submode commands
  no               Negate or set default values of a command
  police           Rate limit traffic for this class
  priority         Strict scheduling priority for this class
  quit             Exit from MPF class action configuration mode
  service-policy   Configure QoS Service Policy
  set              Set connection values
  shape            Traffic Shaping
  user-statistics  configure user statistics for identity firewall
  <cr>
  csc              Content Security and Control service module
  flow-export      Configure filters for NetFlow events
  inspect          Protocol inspection services
  ips              Intrusion prevention services
ciscoasa(config-pmap-c)# shape ?

mpf-policy-map-class mode commands/options:
  average  configure token bucket: CIR (bps) [Bc (bits)], send out Bc only per
           interval
ciscoasa(config-pmap-c)# shape average ?

mpf-policy-map-class mode commands/options:
  <64000-154400000>  Target Bit Rate (bits per second), the value needs to be
                     multiple of 8000
ciscoasa(config-pmap-c)# shape average 100000000
ciscoasa(config-pmap-c)# exit
ciscoasa(config-pmap)# exit
ciscoasa(config)# service-policy ?

configure mode commands/options:
Available policy-maps:
  outside-policy
ciscoasa(config)# service-policy outside-policy interface ?

configure mode commands/options:
Current available interface(s):
  dmz      Name of interface GigabitEthernet1
  inside   Name of interface GigabitEthernet0
  outside  Name of interface GigabitEthernet2
ciscoasa(config)# service-policy outside-policy interface outside

Configuring Virtual Firewall on an ASA

Limitations

Here are some important limitations regarding virtual firewalls on a Cisco ASA:

* Key features that are unsupported on a Cisco ASA in multiple mode are dynamic routing protocols, IPsec and SSL VPNs, multicast IP routing, threat detection, and Phone Proxy.

* The Cisco ASA 5505 does not support multiple mode. (This personally frustrates me).

* The number of Security Contexts you can create depends on the software licenses and the Cisco ASA hardware model used.

I had a discussion with our core design engineer and he mentioned that we should be able to run IPsec site-to-site VPNs on context-based firewalls. And sure enough after doing some research, Cisco has finally released a code to support this feature.

As of ASA code 9.0+, there's been an enhancement to support some of these features especially on Multi-Context VPN. Refer to useful links:

http://sevenlayers.wordpress.com/2012/09/13/cisco-multi-conext-vpn-is-finally-here-in-asa-release-9-0-a-few-years-too-late/

http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/security/adaptive-security-appliance-asa-software/data_sheet_c78-714849.html


Configuration Tasks

Here is an overview for the configuration of virtual firewalls on the Cisco ASA.

Step 1: Enable multiple mode on the Cisco ASA.

Step 2: Create a Security Context.

Step 3: Allocate interfaces to the context.

Step 4: Specify the startup configuration location for the context.

Step 5: Configure the Security Context resource management.

Step 6: Configure each Security Context as a separate security appliance.


Licensed features for this platform:

Maximum Physical Interfaces       : Unlimited      perpetual
Maximum VLANs                     : 100            perpetual
Inside Hosts                      : Unlimited      perpetual
Failover                          : Active/Active  perpetual
VPN-DES                           : Enabled        perpetual
VPN-3DES-AES                      : Enabled        perpetual
Security Contexts                 : 2              perpetual    // EXCLUDES SYSTEM AND ADMIN CONTEXT
GTP/GPRS                          : Disabled       perpetual
AnyConnect Premium Peers          : 5000           perpetual
AnyConnect Essentials             : Disabled       perpetual
Other VPN Peers                   : 5000           perpetual
Total VPN Peers                   : 0              perpetual
Shared License                    : Disabled       perpetual
AnyConnect for Mobile             : Disabled       perpetual
AnyConnect for Cisco VPN Phone    : Disabled       perpetual
Advanced Endpoint Assessment      : Disabled       perpetual
UC Phone Proxy Sessions           : 2              perpetual
Total UC Proxy Sessions           : 2              perpetual
Botnet Traffic Filter             : Disabled       perpetual
Intercompany Media Engine         : Disabled       perpetual

This platform has an ASA 5520 VPN Plus license.

ciscoasa# configure terminal
ciscoasa(config)# mode ?

configure mode commands/options:
  multiple   Multiple mode; mode with security contexts
  noconfirm  Do not prompt for confirmation
  single     Single mode; mode without security contexts
ciscoasa(config)# mode multiple
WARNING: This command will change the behavior of the device
WARNING: This command will initiate a Reboot
Proceed with change mode? [confirm]
Convert the system configuration? [confirm]
!
The old running configuration file will be written to flash

Converting the configuration - this may take several minutes for a large configuration

The admin context configuration will be written to flash

The new running configuration file was written to flash
Security context mode: multiple



***
*** --- SHUTDOWN NOW ---
***
*** Message to all terminals:
***
***   change mode
REBOOT: open message queue fail: No such file or directory/2
REBOOT: enforce reboot...
Restarting system.
machine restart

<OUTPUT TRUNCATED>


ciscoasa# configure terminal
ciscoasa(config)# interface gigabitethernet0   // WE UNSHUT MAIN INTERFACES IN SYSTEM CONTEXT
ciscoasa(config-if)# ?

Interface configuration commands:
  channel-group  Etherchannel/port bundling configuration
  default        Set a command to its defaults
  description    Interface specific description
  exit           Exit from interface configuration mode
  help           Interactive help for interface subcommands
  lacp           LACP interface subcommands
  no             Negate a command or set its defaults
  shutdown       Shutdown the selected interface
ciscoasa(config-if)# no shutdown
ciscoasa(config-if)# interface gigabitethernet1
ciscoasa(config-if)# no shutdown
ciscoasa(config-if)# exit
ciscoasa(config)# context ?

configure mode commands/options:
  WORD  Symbolic name of the context
ciscoasa(config)# context CONTEXT-A
Creating context 'CONTEXT-A'... Done. (2)

ciscoasa(config-ctx)# ?

Context configuration commands:
  allocate-interface   Allocate interface to context
  allocate-ips         Allocate IPS virtual sensor to context
  config-url           Configure URL for a context configuration
  description          Provide a description of the context
  exit                 Exit from context configuration mode
  help                 Interactive help for context subcommands
  join-failover-group  Join a context to a failover group
  member               Configure class membership for a context
  no                   Negate a command
ciscoasa(config-ctx)# allocate-interface ?

context mode commands/options:
  WORD  Indicate interfaces assigned to the context
ciscoasa(config-ctx)# allocate-interface gigabitethernet0 ?

context mode commands/options:
  WORD       Optional interface name mapping for the context
  invisible  Optional flag for hiding hardware property in context (default)
  visible    Optional flag for publishing hardware property in context
  <cr>
ciscoasa(config-ctx)# allocate-interface gigabitethernet0 intg0
ciscoasa(config-ctx)# allocate-interface gigabitethernet1 intg1
ciscoasa(config-ctx)# config-url ?

context mode commands/options:
  disk0:  A URL beginning with this prefix for the context's config (file need
          not exist)
  flash:  A URL beginning with this prefix for the context's config (file need
          not exist)
  ftp:    A URL beginning with this prefix for the context's config (file need
          not exist)
  http:   A URL beginning with this prefix for the context's config (file need
          not exist)
  https:  A URL beginning with this prefix for the context's config (file need
          not exist)
  smb:    A URL beginning with this prefix for the context's config (file need
          not exist)
  tftp:   A URL beginning with this prefix for the context's config (file need
          not exist)
ciscoasa(config-ctx)# config-url disk0:/CONTEXT-A.cfg
WARNING: Could not fetch the URL disk0:/CONTEXT-A.cfg
INFO: Creating context with default config
ciscoasa/CONTEXT-A(config)# interface intg0
ciscoasa/CONTEXT-A(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
ciscoasa/CONTEXT-A(config-if)# no shutdown
ciscoasa/CONTEXT-A(config-if)# nameif inside
INFO: Security level for "inside" set to 100 by default.
ciscoasa/CONTEXT-A(config-if)# interface intg1
ciscoasa/CONTEXT-A(config-if)# ip address 209.165.200.1 255.255.255.0
ciscoasa/CONTEXT-A(config-if)# no shutdown
ciscoasa/CONTEXT-A(config-if)# nameif outside
INFO: Security level for "outside" set to 0 by default.
ciscoasa(config-ctx)# exit
ciscoasa(config)# context CONTEXT-B
Creating context 'CONTEXT-B'... Done. (3)
ciscoasa(config-ctx)# allocate-interface gigabitethernet0 intg0
ciscoasa(config-ctx)# allocate-interface gigabitethernet1 intg1

ciscoasa/CONTEXT-B(config)# interface intg0
ciscoasa/CONTEXT-B(config-if)# ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
ciscoasa/CONTEXT-B(config-if)# no shutdown
ciscoasa/CONTEXT-B(config-if)# nameif inside
INFO: Security level for "inside" set to 100 by default.
ciscoasa/CONTEXT-B(config-if)# interface intg1
ciscoasa/CONTEXT-B(config-if)# ip address 209.165.200.1 255.255.255.0
ERROR: This address conflicts with another address on net
ciscoasa/CONTEXT-B(config-if)# ip address 209.165.200.2 255.255.255.0
ciscoasa/CONTEXT-B(config-if)# no shutdown
ciscoasa/CONTEXT-B(config-if)# nameif outside
INFO: Security level for "outside" set to 0 by default.
ciscoasa(config-ctx)# config-url disk0:/CONTEXT-B.cfg
WARNING: Could not fetch the URL disk0:/CONTEXT-B.cfg
INFO: Creating context with default config
ciscoasa(config-ctx)# exit
ciscoasa(config)# admin-context ?

configure mode commands/options:
  WORD  Name of administrative context
ciscoasa(config)# admin-context admin   // ASSIGN ADMIN CONTEXT AS "ADMIN" FOR REMOTE MANAGEMENT
ciscoasa(config)# context admin
ciscoasa(config-ctx)# config-url disk0:/admin.cfg

Cryptochecksum (changed): d9951253 3b82d2ce 840166f8 ccd3d7f1
INFO: Context admin was created with URL disk0:/admin.cfg
INFO: Admin context will take some time to come up .... please wait.
ciscoasa(config-ctx)# allocate-interface gigabitethernet0 intg0
ciscoasa(config-ctx)# allocate-interface gigabitethernet1 intg1
ciscoasa(config-ctx)# end
ciscoasa# changeto ?

  context  Change to context
  system   Change to system space
ciscoasa# changeto context ?

  WORD  Context name
ciscoasa# changeto context admin
ciscoasa/admin# configure terminal
ciscoasa/admin(config)# interface intg0
ciscoasa/admin(config-if)# ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
ciscoasa/admin(config-if)# no shutdown
ciscoasa/admin(config-if)# nameif inside
INFO: Security level for "inside" set to 100 by default.
ciscoasa/admin(config-if)# exit
ciscoasa/admin(config)# http server enable
ciscoasa/admin(config)# http 0 0 inside  // HTTPS/ASDM ACCESS FROM ANY IP SOURCE COMING FROM THE INSIDE INTERFACE
ciscoasa/admin(config)#end

 

Configuring Access Control List (ACL) on an ASA

The access control list (ACL) is the very heart of every ASA device. The ASA provides an administrator with a full-featured set of access control methods, allowing access between network segments to be tightly controlled.

You can configure an interface access rules in the CLI by using the access-list command. ACLs are made up of one or more access control entries (ACE), each represented by one line in the ACL, that specifying a permit or deny rule, or remark.

ciscoasa(config)# access-list ?

configure mode commands/options:
  WORD < 241 char  Access list identifier
  alert-interval   Specify the alert interval for generating syslog message
                   106001 which alerts that the system has reached a deny flow
                   maximum. If not specified, the default value is 300 sec
  deny-flow-max    Specify the maximum number of concurrent deny flows that can
                   be created. If not specified, the default value is 4096
ciscoasa(config)# access-list INSIDE-IN ?

configure mode commands/options:
  deny      Specify packets to reject
  extended  Configure access policy for IP traffic through the system
  line      Use this to specify line number at which ACE should be entered
  permit    Specify packets to forward
  remark    Specify a comment (remark) for the access-list after this keyword
  rename    rename an existing access-list
  standard  Use this to configure policy having destination host or network
            only
  webtype   Use this to configure WebVPN related policy
ciscoasa(config)# access-list INSIDE-IN line 1 ?

configure mode commands/options:
  deny      Specify packets to reject
  extended  Configure access policy for IP traffic through the system
  permit    Specify packets to forward
  remark    Specify a comment (remark) for the access-list after this keyword
ciscoasa(config)# access-list INSIDE-IN line 1 extended ?

configure mode commands/options:
  deny    Specify packets to reject
  permit  Specify packets to forward
ciscoasa(config)# access-list INSIDE-IN line 1 extended permit ?

configure mode commands/options:
  <0-255>       Enter protocol number (0 - 255)
  ah
  eigrp
  esp
  gre
  icmp
  icmp6
  igmp
  igrp
  ip
  ipinip
  ipsec
  nos
  object        Specify a service object after this keyword
  object-group  Specify a service or protocol object-group after this keyword
  ospf
  pcp
  pim
  pptp
  snp
  tcp
  udp
ciscoasa(config)# access-list INSIDE-IN line 1 extended permit tcp ?

configure mode commands/options:
  A.B.C.D            Source IP address
  any                Abbreviation for source address and mask of 0.0.0.0
                     0.0.0.0
  host               Use this keyword to configure source host
  interface          Use interface address as source address
  object             Keyword to enter source object name
  object-group       Network object-group for source address
  object-group-user  User object-group for source address
  user               User for source address [<domain_nickname>\]<user_name>
  user-group         User-group for source address
                     [<domain_nickname>\\]<user_group_name>
ciscoasa(config)# access-list INSIDE-IN line 1 extended permit tcp 10.0.0.0 ?

configure mode commands/options:
  A.B.C.D  Netmask for source IP address
ciscoasa(config)# access-list INSIDE-IN line 1 extended permit tcp 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 ?

configure mode commands/options:
  A.B.C.D       Destination IP address
  any           Abbreviation for destination address and mask of 0.0.0.0
                0.0.0.0
  eq            Port equal to operator
  gt            Port greater than operator
  host          Use this keyword to configure destination host
  interface     Use interface address as destination address
  lt            Port less than operator
  neq           Port not equal to operator
  object        Keyword to enter destination object name
  object-group  Optional service object-group name for source port or network
                object-group for destination address
  range         Port range operator
ciscoasa(config)# access-list INSIDE-IN line 1 extended permit tcp 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 any ?

configure mode commands/options:
  eq            Port equal to operator
  gt            Port greater than operator
  inactive      Keyword for disabling an ACL element
  log           Keyword for enabling log option on this ACL element
  lt            Port less than operator
  neq           Port not equal to operator
  object-group  Optional service object-group for destination port
  range         Port range operator
  time-range    Keyword for attaching time-range option to this ACL element
  <cr>
ciscoasa(config)# access-list INSIDE-IN line 1 extended permit tcp 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 any eq ?

configure mode commands/options:
  <1-65535>        Enter port number (1 - 65535)
  aol
  bgp
  chargen
  cifs
  citrix-ica
  cmd
  ctiqbe
  daytime
  discard
  domain
  echo
  exec
  finger
  ftp
  ftp-data
  gopher
  h323
  hostname
  http
  https
  ident
  imap4
ciscoasa(config)# access-list INSIDE-IN line 1 extended permit tcp 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 any eq http
ciscoasa(config)# access-list OUTSIDE-IN line 2 remark EXPLICIT DENY ALL RULE
ciscoasa(config)# access-list OUTSIDE-IN line 3 extended deny ip any any ?

configure mode commands/options:
  inactive    Keyword for disabling an ACL element
  log         Keyword for enabling log option on this ACL element
  time-range  Keyword for attaching time-range option to this ACL element
  <cr>
ciscoasa(config)# access-list OUTSIDE-IN line 3 extended deny ip any any log ?

configure mode commands/options:
  <0-7>          Enter syslog level (0 - 7)
  Default        Keyword for restoring default log behavior
  alerts         Immediate action needed           (severity=1)
  critical       Critical conditions               (severity=2)
  debugging      Debugging messages                (severity=7)
  disable        Disable log option on this ACL element, (no log at all)
  emergencies    System is unusable                (severity=0)
  errors         Error conditions                  (severity=3)
  inactive       Keyword for disabling an ACL element
  informational  Informational messages            (severity=6)
  interval       Configure log interval, default value is 300 sec
  notifications  Normal but significant conditions (severity=5)
  time-range     Keyword for attaching time-range option to this ACL element
  warnings       Warning conditions                (severity=4)
  <cr>
ciscoasa(config)# access-list OUTSIDE-IN line 3 extended deny ip any any log 4 ?

configure mode commands/options:
  inactive    Keyword for disabling an ACL element
  interval    Configure log interval, default value is 300 sec
  time-range  Keyword for attaching time-range option to this ACL element
  <cr>
ciscoasa(config)# access-list OUTSIDE-IN line 3 extended deny ip any any log 4 interval 300
ciscoasa(config)# object network TIME.NIST.GOV
ciscoasa(config-network-object)# host 192.43.244.18
ciscoasa(config-network-object)# exit
ciscoasa(config)# access-list GLOBAL-ACL line 1 extended permit udp any object TIME.NIST.GOV eq ntp log ?

configure mode commands/options:
  <0-7>          Enter syslog level (0 - 7)
  Default        Keyword for restoring default log behavior
  alerts         Immediate action needed           (severity=1)
  critical       Critical conditions               (severity=2)
  debugging      Debugging messages                (severity=7)
  disable        Disable log option on this ACL element, (no log at all)
  emergencies    System is unusable                (severity=0)
  errors         Error conditions                  (severity=3)
  inactive       Keyword for disabling an ACL element
  informational  Informational messages            (severity=6)
  interval       Configure log interval, default value is 300 sec
  notifications  Normal but significant conditions (severity=5)
  time-range     Keyword for attaching time-range option to this ACL element
  warnings       Warning conditions                (severity=4)
  <cr>
ciscoasa(config)# access-list GLOBAL-ACL line 1 extended permit udp any object TIME.NIST.GOV eq ntp log disable
ciscoasa(config)# access-group ?

configure mode commands/options:
  WORD  Specify the name of an access-list
ciscoasa(config)# access-group INSIDE-IN ?

configure mode commands/options:
  global  For traffic on all interfaces
  in      For input traffic
  out     For output traffic
  <cr>
ciscoasa(config)# access-group INSIDE-IN in ?

configure mode commands/options:
  interface  Keyword to specify an interface
ciscoasa(config)# access-group INSIDE-IN in interface ?

configure mode commands/options:
Current available interface(s):
  dmz      Name of interface GigabitEthernet1
  inside   Name of interface GigabitEthernet0
  outside  Name of interface GigabitEthernet2
ciscoasa(config)# access-group INSIDE-IN in interface inside
ciscoasa(config)# access-group OUTSIDE-IN in interface outside
ciscoasa(config)# access-group GLOBAL-ACL global


The ASDM Access Rules table contains several features that enable you to quickly and efficiently manage it.

From the menu, you can choose to add, insert, edit or delete an access rule. You can also easily copy (clone) a rule, for instance, when you add another web server. Just clone the existing web server rule, and then edit it to change the destination IP address.

You can change the order of rules, using either the cut/copy and paste options or the move up/down arrows. Remember that access rules are evaluated in order and positioning of the rule is critical to its functionality.

You can also clear the hit counter for a specific rule (right-click menu) or all access rules (button on the toolbar), which is commonly required during troubleshooting. You can also show log messages generated by a chosen rule (right-click menu) or by all access rules (button on the toolbar). Additionally from the right-click menu, you can export the contents of the Access Rules table to a comma-separated value (CSV) format file.

You can edit a rule in place (rather than opening the Edit Access Rule dialog box) and alter the contents within the Access Rules window. Rules can also be temporarily disabled and if you want to permanently remove a rule, simply delete it.

New NAT Options in IOS Versions 8.3 and Later

* One significant change in NAT with software versions 8.3 and higher is that NAT control (enforcing use of NAT) is no longer a supported. 

* The implementation of NAT is done through the use of network objects (hence, "object-oriented")

* There is now an "any" option that can be used when defining ingress and egress interfaces in the NAT configuration.

* You can configure translations as part of network object definitions, which are added to configuration. This is known as "Auto NAT," which reduces complex configuration when only one translation policy is required for a host.

* You can configure a single NAT rule that will translate both the source and destination addresses in a packet. This is known as "Manual NAT" or "Twice NAT," because NAT can be performed twice - once on the source IP and the other on the destination IP.

* NAT rules can be defined as unidirectional, meaning only traffic sourced from a defined object can use the translation. Connections toward the object must match a different NAT rule, or they will not be translated.

In this scenario, we have two application servers on the DMZ interface that require access from the Internet. A web server with native (local) IP address 172.16.0.5 and an FTP server with native IP address 172.16.0.10. The web server will use translated (global) IP address 209.165.200.228 when communicating with the outside interface (the Internet), and the FTP server will use translated IP address 209.165.200.229. 

ciscoasa(config)# object ?

configure mode commands/options:
  network  Specifies a host, subnet or range IP addresses
  service  Specifies a protocol/port
ciscoasa(config)# object network ?

configure mode commands/options:
  WORD < 65 char  Specifies object ID (1-64 characters)
ciscoasa(config)# object network DMZ-FTP-PUB
ciscoasa(config-network-object)# ?

  description  Specify description text
  fqdn         Enter this keyword to specify an FQDN
  help         Help for network object configuration commands
  host         Enter this keyword to specify a single host object
  nat          Enable NAT on a singleton object
  no           Remove an object or description from object
  range        Enter this keyword to specify a range
  subnet       Enter this keyword to specify a subnet
ciscoasa(config-network-object)# host ?

network-object mode commands/options:
  A.B.C.D     Enter a host IP address
  X:X:X:X::X  Enter a host IPV6 address
ciscoasa(config-network-object)# host 209.165.200.229
ciscoasa(config-network-object)# exit
ciscoasa(config)# object network DMZ-FTP-PRIV
ciscoasa(config-network-object)# host 172.16.0.10
ciscoasa(config-network-object)# nat ?

network-object mode commands/options:
  (        Open parenthesis for (<real_if_name>,<mapped_if_name>) pair where
           <real_if_name> is the prenat interface and <mapped_if_name> is the
           postnat interface
  dynamic  Specify NAT type as dynamic
  static   Specify NAT type as static

configure mode commands/options:
  (               Open parenthesis for (<internal_if_name>,<external_if_name>)
                  pair where <internal_if_name> is the Internal or prenat
                  interface and <external_if_name> is the External or postnat
                  interface
  <1-2147483647>  Position of NAT rule within before auto section
  after-auto      Insert NAT rule after auto section
  source          Source NAT parameters
ciscoasa(config-network-object)# nat (?

network-object mode commands/options:
Current available interface(s):

  DMZ      Name of interface GigabitEthernet1
  any      Global address space
  inside   Name of interface GigabitEthernet0
  outside  Name of interface GigabitEthernet2

configure mode commands/options:
Current available interface(s):

  DMZ      Name of interface GigabitEthernet1
  any      Global address space
  inside   Name of interface GigabitEthernet0
  outside  Name of interface GigabitEthernet2
ciscoasa(config-network-object)# nat (DMZ,outside) ?

network-object mode commands/options:
  dynamic  Specify NAT type as dynamic
  static   Specify NAT type as static

configure mode commands/options:
  <1-2147483647>  Position of NAT rule within before auto section
  after-auto      Insert NAT rule after auto section
  source          Source NAT parameters
ciscoasa(config-network-object)# nat (DMZ,outside) static ?

network-object mode commands/options:
  A.B.C.D    Mapped IP address
  WORD       Mapped network object/object-group name
  interface  Use interface address as mapped IP
ciscoasa(config-network-object)# nat (DMZ,outside) static DMZ-FTP-PUB
ciscoasa(config-network-object)# exit
ciscoasa(config)# object network DMZ-WEB-PUB
ciscoasa(config-network-object)# host 209.165.200.228
ciscoasa(config-network-object)# exit
ciscoasa(config)# object network DMZ-WEB-PRIV
ciscoasa(config-network-object)# host 172.16.0.5
ciscoasa(config-network-object)# nat (DMZ,outside) static DMZ-WEB-PUB